An Example of Successful Change Essay

Introduction Why is Wal-Mart so Successful? Is it Good Strategy or Good Strategy Implementation? In 1962, when Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas, no one could have ever predicted the enormous success this small-town merchant would have. Sam Walton’s talent for discount retailing not only made Wal-Mart the world’s largest retailer, but also the world’s number one retailer in sales. Sam Walton has made certain changes that help Wal-Mart to achieve its success today. His change techniques involve changing people, technology, and product. Indeed, Wal-Mart was named â€Å"Retailer of the Decade† by Discount Store News in 1989, and on several occasions has been included in Fortune’s list of the â€Å"10 most admired corporations.† Changing People Wal-Mart is successful not only because it makes sound strategic management decisions, but also for its innovative implementation of those strategic decisions. In order to become a superstore, Wal-Mart decided to change the skill level of its workforce. Walton’s greatest accomplishment was his ability to empower, enrich, and train his employees. He believed in listening to employees and challenging them to come up with ideas and suggestions to make the company better. At each of the Wal-Mart stores, signs are displayed which read, â€Å"Our People Make the Difference.† Associates regularly make suggestions for cutting costs through their â€Å"Yes We Can Sam† program. The sum of the savings generated by the associates actually paid for the construction of a new store in Texas. One of Wal-Mart’s goals was to provide its employees with the appropriate tools to do their jobs efficiently. The technology was not used as a means of replacing existing employees, but to provide them with a means to succeed in the retail market (Thompson and Strickland 93). Changing Product Wal-Mart stores operate according to their â€Å"Everyday Low Price† philosophy. They provide customers access to quality goods, to make these goods available when and where customers want them, to develop a cost structure that enables competitive pricing, and to build and maintain a reputation for absolute trustworthiness (Evan, Shulman, and Stalk, 55). Through Sam Walton’s â€Å"Buy America† policy, Wal-Mart encourages its buyers and merchandise managers to stock stores with American-made products. In a 1993 annual report management stated the â€Å"program demonstrates a long-standing Wal-Mart commitment to our customers that we will buy American-made products whenever we can if those products deliver the same quality and affordability as their foreign-made counterparts† (Thompson & Strickland 68). With a variety of product and low cost, Wal-Mart has attracted more consumers. Changing Technology Wal-Mart has invested heavily in its unique cross-docking inventory system. Cross docking has enabled Wal-Mart to achieve economies of scale which reduces its costs of sales. With this system, goods are continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to inventory them. Lower prices also eliminate the expense of frequent sales promotions and sales are more predictable. Cross docking gives the individual managers more control at the store level. A company owned transportation system also assists Wal-Mart in shipping goods from warehouse to store in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition. Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computer system in the private sector. It uses a massively parallel processor computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market (Daugherty 24). Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated via its advanced satellite communications system. Conclusion Sam Walton, a leader with an innovative vision, started his own company and made it into the leader in discount retailing that it is today. Through his savvy, and sometimes unusual, business practices, he and his associates led the company forward for thirty years. Today the company is still growing steadily. Wal-Mart executives continue to rely on many of the traditional goals and philosophies that Sam’s legacy left behind, while simultaneously keeping one step ahead of the ever-changing technology and methods of today’s fast-paced business environment. The future also looks bright for Wal-Mart, especially if it is able to continue its customer-driven culture, it should remain a retail industry leader well into the next century.

What Every Body Is Saying About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Every Body Is Saying About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why The Number One Question You Must Ask for Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Keep revising your own idea till you get original and intriguing claims which you are excited to write about. A thesis produces a particular statement to the reader what you are going to be attempting to argue. The type of thesis statement included in the paper determines the standard of the paper. For instance, you can create a thesis statement that's associated with health. What Is So Fascinating About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay? Once you're done writing, it's important to get someone take another look at your paper so that you're able to ensure there aren't any mistakes or errors. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. Helping students with explaining the feeling of an issue to the audience is the way it works. Whenever so meone finishes reading your conclusion, they ought to have zero question about what your stance is on the matter. Your thesis summarizes the argument you're going to be making in your paper, so you wish to be sure that your point of view is crystal clear and debatable. You would like your audience to don't have any doubt about your point. Always, you must be clear to the point. Deciding upon a sort of claim or argument can help you keep your thesis from becoming too wide. You want to demonstrate the importance of a particular side of a situation. You first have to select a good topic with an argument, credible information to strengthen your viewpoint, a good stance on your side, and a superb counter-argument that will help you sound less biased. When the topic was decided, it is crucial to come up with an argument surrounding the exact same. Your thesis statement has become the most important sentence in your essay. If you would like your thesis to be classified as a thesis and not only a useless sentence, utilize an extremely precise tone and specific words. A thesis is a one or two sentence overview of the principal function of the paper. It can be included at the start of the paper. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is advisable to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. Therefore, it's logical that for each specific sort of essay you ought to use your very own corresponding thesis creator. The essay should have a little bit of structure, unlike a normal essay. Bear in mind an argument essay ought to be somewhat persuasive. Consequently, students may develop different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. On the flip side, students who write very good thesis discover that it's effortless to write excellent papers. Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. It is suggested to look for the one which has a great reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. Now you're acquainted much closer with statement generators of various kinds. Ally you must do is to correctly submit your order instructions and produce the payment. Luckily, there are a number of basic rules you may follow to make sure your thesis statement is effective and interesting. At any time you start to compose an essay, the very first paragraph of your piece ought to be your thesis statement. Since you may see, there isn't any universal thesis statement formula as every kind of a writing assignment needs a different strategy. Still, there are a few basic guidelines to bear in mind when it has to do with an argumentative thesis statement. Your strongest point needs to be revealed in the last body paragraph. You should make your argument as clear and specific as possible. Thus in the instance of all thesis statements, valid arguments should be present to support the principal point of the essay.

The Catcher in the Rye and the Truman Show Essay - 1588 Words

J.D Salinger explores many ideas of identity in his book ‘The Catcher in the Rye’; these ideas include ego, expression, personality, environment and perception. The author uses many features such as first person narration to express these ideas of identity. Identity is a common theme in many works including ‘The Truman Show’ directed by Peter Weir and poem ‘Life-Cycle’ written by Bruce Dawe. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ is an emotional journey of 16 year old Holden Caulfield who is struggling to recognise his identity. Holden’s journey begins at Pencey Prep, one of three schools he attended and was expelled from. Holden then narrates as through the events following his expulsion from Pencey Prep and his eagerness to avoid his parent’s†¦show more content†¦For example, When Truman is driving to work, something that we, the audience, instantly recognised as a stage light fell from the sky, Truman, however accepted the radio’s explanation that it was part of an aeroplane in trouble, shredding parts. There are also various product placements throughout the show, that Truman himself even seems to find it unusual as when Meryl, his wife his describing a product, while looking directly into the camera Truman replies with â€Å"who are you talking to?† and when Truman attempts to find his way to Fiji he is never able to make it becau se there is always something in the way, this being so frequent does not strike Truman. Christof explains this saying â€Å"We accept the reality of the world with which we are presented.† Many of the cameras used in the movie are presented as they would if it was a legitimate TV show. Many scenes have blurred borders as if the camera is set in something, as the hidden cameras in the show would have been. An obvious example of these camera’s is the one seen when Truman is getting into his car, his neighbour is holding a bin with a small camera coming out of the side this contributes to the audience perception that this is a realistic television program. Holden Caulfield’s identity has been moulded by his environment, how he was raised the people he has met and the family he comes from. Holden comes from a family with four children and two wealthy parents who had built an image ofShow MoreRelatedThe Cinematic Features Displayed in Pleasantville and The Truman Show1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cinematic Features Displayed in Pleasantville and The Truman Show The following essay, which I have composed, is based on two important films of the last decade. Their titles are Pleasantville and The Truman Show. Starting with the Pleasantville, the general overview of the films plot gets more complicated the further you get into it. It brings up several issues all of which I have commented on in this essay. The film starts with two teenagers, David and JenniferRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesPrichard, Katherine Coonardoo AF Rhys, Jean The wide Sargasso sea AF Rosoff, Meg Just in case YA Rosoff, Meg What I was YA Rushdie, Salman The satanic verses AF Sachar, Louis Holes JF http://www.louissachar.com/HolesBook.htm Salinger, J. D. The catcher in the rye AF YA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye Sartre, Jean Paul Nausea AF Sebold, Alice The lovely bones AF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lovely_Bones Shields, Carol Unless AF Shriver, Lionel We need to talk about Kevin AF http://www

The Legal Drinking Age Should Be During The United States

In recent years, debate about what the legal drinking age should be in the United States has been ubiquitous. People of all ages advocate both for and against lowering the age, and some people do not even have an opinion. What has led people to their specific convictions, and what facts do they possess that support these convictions? In the following paragraphs, this popular controversy will be addressed as each position is thoroughly analyzed. Many people today advocate for the drinking age to remain where it is, such as MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) and the president of the American Public Health Association. MADD has been very active in recent years, whether it be through lobbying or mass media appeals. They often use scientific evidence, statistics, and their emotional appeal as mothers of dead children to coerce their audiences into believing that drunk driving and the drinking age correlate. For example, â€Å"Since the 21 law was widely enacted, the number of young peo ple killed annually in crashes involving drunk drivers under 21 has been cut in half, from more than 5,000 individuals in the early 1980s to around 2,000 in 2005† (Dean-Mooney). Using solid numerical evidence boosts their appeal to logos, not to mention that these statistics are very easily decipherable. It is obvious to any reader that, according to this passage, a higher drinking age leads to less fatalities. The author of the piece mentioned here is also the national president of MADD, whichShow MoreRelatedChanging the Minimun Legal Drinking Age in the United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesChanging the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in the United States Over the past twenty years the minimum legal drinking age has been twenty-one in all US states, but that has not stopped citizens of the United Sates from attempting to lower the age. Following the end of prohibition in the United Sates during the Great Depression, all states agreed on a set of twenty-one to be the legal drinking age. For almost forty years there was no change in the drinking age until a decrease in the age for voting occurredRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1253 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age? Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed the issue of minimum legal drinking age sensitively in the hands of the states, letting each decide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimum legal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for all states until 1970.Between 1970Read MoreThe Legal Drinking Age On America s Youth1749 Words   |  7 Pagesthe legal drinking age was changed to twenty-one years of age. This change was made after the Prohibition. Studies during this time found that as the minimum legal drink age (MLDA) was lowered, there was an increase in youth traffic accidents. A study done after the legal drinking age was raised to twenty-one showed reduced youth drinking, youth drunk-driving, and accidents related to alcohol. The change of the minimum legal drinking age proved to be beneficial during this time period. During ourRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pageseven make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lowering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economy, because revenue willRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?994 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Approximately 2 out of every 3 high school students have drank to the point of getting intoxicated (binge drink), in more than one occasion (Centers for Disease and Control Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Binge drinking has become increasingly common for youth under the minimum legal drinking age, making it increasingly dangerous because of the lack of supervision that young adults have that can consequently, lead to death because of fear of the law (Bonnie O’ConnellRead MoreDrinking Age Drinking847 Words   |  4 Pages There has been an ongoing discussion in the United States on whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen like most of the world or if it should stay at twenty-one. Underage drinking has been a major questionable issue for years, yet why is it not under control? Teenagers are continuing to buy alcohol with fake identification cards, getting into bars and drinking illegally. As a recent teen, I have proof that these things are going on not only in college but in high school as well. ThereRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1291 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking is one of the largest problems that we have in the United States. This is a problem because alcohol is an item that nobody under twenty-one years of age is allowed to purchase or consume. People who are underage are punished by law when they consume or attempt to purchase alcohol illegally. This makes people under twenty-one want alcohol even more. In other countries where the drinking age is lower, there are less problems because it gives parents the push to teach their childrenRead MoreWe Can Fight in a War, but Cant Have a Drink?877 Words   |  4 Pagesventure off from home on their own during college, but they finally get to make their own decisions without having to wait for the approval from a parent. Yes, high school was very fun, but for some reason it just can’t be compared to college life. What else could possibly be the blame for this other than the parties? College parties are very outgoing, but they also create a demographic for college students under the age of twenty-one. The legal drinking age should be changed from twenty-one to eighteenRead MoreIs it Right to Lower the Drinking Age?1070 Words   |  4 PagesAn abundance of people start to drink during young adulthood. In the last 30 days roughly 39% of high schoolers drank some amount of alcohol (CDC). Alcohol has been around for tens of thousands of years and it’s always been an underlying issue. My question is, â€Å"Why should we lower the legal drinking age†? Current proposals to lower the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would have some benefits like increasing revenue for bars and liquor stores. However the risks surpass the benefits. Many people

A Brief Account of The Destruction of The Indies Free Essays

Las Casas wrote about this massacre of the Amerindians committed by the Spaniards. In my opinion he only wrote about the massacre to help discredit the values of the Spaniard army, and their actions went against his moral views. Las Casas did not view the Amerindians as equals of the Spaniards. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Account of The Destruction of The Indies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Las Casas was a friar that was sent with a mission to convert the people of the new world. He arrives with the Spaniards to the islands of the Amerindians. He is having trouble trying to perform his mission, because the Spaniards are killing or enslaving the Amerindians. Las Casas brought attention about the massacre of the Amerindians to help bring doubt to the character of the Spaniards. Common actions of the Spaniards as described by Las Casas â€Å"divided a man into two† (17), â€Å"snatched young babies from the mother’s breasts, and then dashed out the brains of those innocents against the rocks† (17) to show the acts that can only be committed by uncivilized men. Las Casas, wanted the king to become untrusting of the Spaniards, also mentions the possibility that all the gold was not making it back to the king â€Å"naturally addicted to rob, thieve and steal; thus under pretext of serving the king, they dishonor God, and defraud his imperial majesty† (104). I feel this is the true agenda of Las Casas and the one of the reasons he brings up the massacre to the king. The other reason is he cannot keep these horrendous acts to himself. As a man of God, Las Casas is bound to speak against actions that offends his god. His moral objections were against the destruction of potential Christian societies and the slaughter of villages that did accept Christianity as their one true religion. Las Casas mentions the conversion â€Å"reducing them to the knowledge of Christian faith they were received by the inhabitants of this kingdom, that survived the heat and rage of the Spanish cruelties† (62-63) Las Casa did not view the Amerindians as fully human. He does acknowledge them as people, but in his mind people without the acceptance of his God are just not equal to them. This is shown throughout the book in passages according to Las Casas â€Å"go and teach all nations that infidels, living peaceably and quite in their hereditary native country, should be imposed upon pain of confiscation of all their chattels, lands, liberty, wives, children, and death itself, without any precedent instruction to confess and acknowledgement of the true god† (32). This book was extremely detailed in the actions that took place when the Spaniards arrived in Hispaniola. It is such brutal open honesty of the horror that occurred. However, I feel that the author even though he tried to appear as a heartbroken man due to these injustices, did not truly care that these people were brutally slaughtered. He would have only truly cared if they were converted Christians that followed his own beliefs. How to cite A Brief Account of The Destruction of The Indies, Papers

Citizen Science System Assemblages

Question: Dioscuss about citizen science, knowhow of the assemblage, the human and non-human actors and detriment of the actor network theory (ant) to deal with the intricacy? Answer: Introduction Computing can be seen as an assemblage in the present times in all walks of the present world. Citizen science is one such technology and when one investigates further into technologies that are actors of the citizen science, one can clearly understand the power it possesses to leverage the data that has been collected to analyse scientific data (Culturemachine.net, 2015). This evaluation of the technologies can be said to be functionalities that are related to each other as its final objective or goal is to support those activities. The inkling about assemblages helps us to understand the ways of negotiating different platforms of citizen science with the help of wide varieties of functionality, but still they will be able to similar sustenance kind of goals and aims (crowston, 2015). The concepts of build vs. shy are also introduced in this report as well as how different form of functionality for citizen science like science vs. support for the human actors as well as the web moti vators and satisfiers which results in successful project outcomes (Dwrl.utexas.edu, 2015). Citizen Science The word known as citizen science has been used to portray the associations in research which allows the non-scientific affiliates from the broad community who support in the scientific investigations. They are also sometimes referred to as the science of crowd-sourced (Dwrl.utexas.edu, 2015). The projects related to the citizen science also include for examples which the participants have asked in order to classify the photographs of galaxies which have been captured by the space telescopes which are a source of sighting data for the ornithological research, or the observation of the sunflower plants to be pollinated by the bees during varying times of a day (Laursen, 2010). Although their systematic extents of review and research questions differ extensively, these developments increasingly have a shared attitude to facts assortment for a huge numbers of entities are requested to present opinions or scrutinises via internet or mobile-oriented apparatus. The survey of the system assemblages of a multiple number of citizen science projects over a relative case study approach (Culturemachine.net, 2015). On behalf of for each case study, the assessment of the assemblage in relations of its general constitution, build vs. buy decision-making, and its impact on technical objectives, applicant deprivation, motivation, and indulgence. Knowhow Of The Assemblage More or less of the preliminary physiognomies of the examination in this description is the considerateness of the scientific progression of computers which has been allowed for the sustenance of the project of citizen science as an assemblage of miscellaneous roughly coupled systems which are rather singular systems (crowston, 2015). One can conclude from the approach of king towards computer technology scrutinization that is also known as the models of the web. The web models accept the computer system as the assemblage of various kinds of techniques, equipment's and applications that are known to be as the information processing competence (Knipp, 2015). The tactic has been distinguished from the models that have been created by the engineers or any discrete entity analysis, the main emphasis of which is the material managing and the apparatus magnitude and its proficiency (Dwrl.utexas.edu, 2015). The Human And Non-Human Actors In most of the citizen science projects there are a number of influential know-hows that are used to support a number of purposeful criteria, relatively arranging solitary, autonomous schemes, citizen science projects exist further to select as of numerous characteristics. Lone venture could select to embrace a web medium to maintain applicant association, whereas one more may interpret this function as redundant (Conover, 2015). Projects established by an unpaid helper, unskilled workforce possibly will be liable to the abilities of the helper, have more partial or not as much of consistent statistics assortment device. Since of this societal character of citizen science, several of the character that forms a citizen science assemblage take about consultation protagonist (Culturemachine.net, 2015). An opportunity improves communiqu among contributors and venture experts, subject folios deliver evidence or normalise drill, blogs as well as news influence out to contributors, and inte raction forms permit participants to report affiliates of the project team (Chen, 2010). Even data collection utilities give participants a standardized avenue for communicating the work they have completed. Because most individuals' first encounter with a citizen science project is through its online presence, the citizen science assemblage also has a crucial part to engage in inspiring contribution (Prestopnik and Crowston, 2012). Detriment Of The Actor Network Theory (Ant) To Deal With The Intricacy The use of ANT has proven to be useful to capture the actors that are involved in the development of citizen science assemblages for some motives. The first thing is to focus on the actor networks as the fundamental building block for the development of the citizen science website features. Sustaining descriptions are individuals whose non-appearance will reason a contributor to know-how discontent with a website though inspiring qualities are those which enhance inspirational worth to a website (prestopnik, 2015). The ANT expects Participants imagine websites to uphold a definite degree of the attribute, and ample diminution of that feature will trigger discontent. At the same time, the inspiration to practise and return to a website derives on or after a hypothetically diverse set of characteristics. Motivating features include reasoning consequences such as acquiring latest comprehension or abilities, the joy of investigating a site, the incidence of interactive program, intensity of contest, the proficiency to device collaboration, and the incidence of striking illustrations (Mitchell, 2000). The ANT helps in the facilitation of the formative assessments in order to study the game play of the multiple certainties while they recognize the consequences of the co-existence of the realities in the actor networks while challenging expectedness of the out-dated cumulative of the result fixated on the essential techniques (mcquillan, 2015). Contribution Of Ant In The Case Studies Case1: Galaxy Zoo Galaxy Zoo is one of the projects in the citizen science which utilises the aids of individuals in the scientific enquiry process through the help of online explanation about the millions of photographs which have been taken by the Hubble telescope or the Sloan digital sky survey and many more (Laursen, 2010). The galaxy zoo asks the individuals astronomers to find out various features of the galaxy like how many spiral arms are there or how elliptical or round their shape is. This detailed explanation along with the photographs will help to identify a more detailed visual about the universe. Galaxy Zoo is a project that falls under the Zooniverse project that had been developed by the Citizen Science Alliance (Dwrl.utexas.edu, 2015). The system assemblages of the Zooniverse are better integrated than most of the other citizen science efforts. They are rather built by them rather than taking support from the off shelf software. The designers of the Zooniverse spend a great deal of ti me on the process of designing and, therefore, the build decision is related directly to the support for science. The design of the galaxy zoo is usually based around the participants who interprets the assets so that the dedicated interface functionality is often essential to extant the participant with an asset and captures the resulting metadata (Knipp, 2015). This effective tactic to evolving a system assemblage permits developers to guide their time toward amplifying impelling functionalities that support methodical ambitions, while instantaneously guaranteeing that previously established and successful functionalities with a satisfier role are effectually reclaimed (crowston, 2015). Case 2: What's Invasive What's Invasive is also a citizen science developed project which was made by the Centre for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS) at the UCLA in order to collect information regarding the invasive types of plants, insects and animal species which are found in the various regions of the USA and the world (Conover, 2015). The associates in this project make use of their mobile devices for carrying out observations and submit the species that they are observing in some particular geographical location. They make use of mobile technology in their system assemblages that are very different from the other techniques that have been explored earlier (Citizen Scientist, 2010). The software or the applications in the mobile technology are more tightly integrated than most of the other web applications, and this makes it exclusive of the other system assemblages used (Chen, 2010). Conclusion The view about the system assemblage of the citizen projects clearly depicts the involvement of conventional computing devices being used as an assemblage. The citizen science projects suggest that rather than understanding the technological aspects of the instantaneous as well as seamlessly integrated units which makes them collections of better discrete functionalities which are assembled to work together in order to achieve those goals. The functionalities or the ANT inclusion in the specific decisions and the functionalities of the assemblage are determined by a number of factors like that of the resources in the projects, the practical concerns regarding the project as well as the desire to build or buy the support for science as well as participants or the motivation and the satisfaction of the participants. References Chen, Y. (2010). Citizen-Centric E-Government Services: Understanding Integrated Citizen Service Information Systems.Social Science Computer Review, 28(4), pp.427-442. Citizen Scientist. (2010).Science, 329(5993), pp.733-733. Conover, E. (2015). Reddit prompts citizen scientists to go dig up dirt.Science. crowston, k. (2015).Citizen science system assemblages: Understanding the technologies that support crowdsourced science | Kevin Crowston. [online] Crowston.syr.edu. Available at: https://crowston.syr.edu/node/426 [Accessed 14 Aug. 2015]. Knipp, D. (2015). Space Weather and Citizen Science.Space Weather, 13(2), pp.97-98. Laursen, L. (2010). Collaborating with Citizen Scientists.Science. mcquillan, d. (2015).What is Critical Citizen Science? (A Dialogue - Part 1) (with images) danmcquillan. [online] Storify. Available at: https://storify.com/danmcquillan/what-is-critical-citizen-science-a-dialogue [Accessed 14 Aug. 2015]. Mitchell, E. (2000). Re-Assemblage.Assemblage, (41), p.54. prestopnik, N. (2015).Citizen Sort. [online] Citizensort.org. Available at: https://www.citizensort.org/web.php?/research/researchpapers [Accessed 14 Aug. 2015]. Prestopnik, N. and Crowston, K. (2012). Citizen science system assemblages.Proceedings of the 2012 iConference on - iConference '12. Culturemachine.net, (2015). [online] Available at: https://culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/article/download/440/470 [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Dwrl.utexas.edu, (2015).Describing Assemblages: Genre Sets, Systems, Repertoires, and Ecologies | Welcome to the DWRL. [online] Available at: https://www.dwrl.utexas.edu/content/describing-assemblages [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015].

Mama Pava free essay sample

Most nine-year-olds in Round Lake, Illinois spend their summers outdoors jumping rope or swimming in the lake. I spent my fourth grade summer in my kitchen, teaching my then 68-year-old grandmother the alphabet. My grandma, Mama Pava, grew up in a small Mexican village. She came from a very poor family. Her mother died when she was very young and her father remarried, so she spent her childhood cooking and cleaning for her stepmother. Shortly after turning 15, she married my grandfather, and she was soon pregnant with the first of her ten children. Her adult life was spent raising her children, tending goats, and cooking. Mama Pava had no time for a formal education. Illiteracy in her town wasn’t a big deal. Most of the townspeople couldn’t read or write. Thumbprints satisfied the signature requirements on any formal documents, including visas to come to the United States. That’s how my grandmother â€Å"signed† her visa in the early 1990s, when she first came to visit her sons and daughters who had immigrated to the US. We will write a custom essay sample on Mama Pava or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometime in the early 2000s the Department of Homeland Security stopped letting people use thumbprints as their signatures on visas and my grandmother was forced to learn how to write her name. I remember the day my mother assigned me the task of teaching my grandmother how to write her name very clearly. I was resentful, of course. I was nine and I didn’t understand how a grown woman couldn’t write her own name. But I didn’t want to make my mom angry, so I obeyed. The first couple of days we went over the alphabet. The first thing she learned to write out was her first name, Paula. Her last name, Rivas, was trickier because she had trouble making the R’s face the correct way. By the end of the summer, she could write out the entire alphabet, her full name, my grandfather’s name, and the numbers from 1 to 10. I learned a lot about patience that summer. I experienced the feeling of having your hard work pay off for the first time. I also discovered how rewarding helping others communicate can be. My grandmother is not the only person I’ve met who has been silenced by lack of communication skills. I’ve discovered that while Round Lake is a largely Spanish-speaking community, few teachers in area schools are fluent in Spanish. For the past four years, I’ve volunteered at parent-teacher conferences at my high school and my old middle school, translating for parents who don’t speak English. I find it unfair that these parents miss out on the chance to help their children succeed in school simply because they don’t speak English. I want to give them a voice. It’s been seven summers. Mama Pava has Alzheimer’s now. She still visits every summer and we always spend a lot of time together. Every year I re-teach her the alphabet and experience the same feelings of happiness and accomplishment that come from helping others.